Effects of Family Instability on Children’s Upbringing in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the level of menstrual hygiene, attitude and practice among young girls in selected secondary schools in Ile-Ife. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, three secondary schools were selected in Ile-Ife, of which 347 students were interviewed. Data from the study were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study shows that majority of the students belong to nuclear family (68.4%), understand the meaning of menstruation (92.3%), have started menstruation (95%) and use sanitary pad (85.7%). Also, about a third (37.5%) do not have access to water during menstruation in school, while about 67% did not have support for pain relief during menstruation. In addition, the study assesses the influence of menstrual hygiene practice on girl’s agency using the multiple linear regression technique. Agency is measured using self-esteem and gender social interaction. The study found that father and mother education status as well as the profession are important determinant of good menstrual hygiene and higher agency. Family type is also an important factor to the menstrual hygiene and ultimately the agency of the adolescence girls. This study concludes that education is very important as it has ripple effect in the health and well-being of the family. It, therefore, reaffirms the belief that
education is an important tool for closing global inequality and ensuring sustainable development.

Keywords: Child upbringing, academic performance, family instability.

Associated factors of stress and suicidal ideation among Nigerian undergraduate students

Editorial Advisers
Prof. D.O. Torimiro
Prof. C.T.C. Akubuilo
Prof. C.I. Sodiya
Prof. Yomi Alfred
Dr. Grace Adebo
Prof. S.K. Subair
Prof. T.T. Pur

Abstract 

This study examined factors associated with stress and the prevalence of suicidal ideation among undergraduates in Osun State tertiary institutions with the use of gender lens. The study population comprised undergraduates from the nine (9) Universities in Osun State, western Nigeria. A sample of 1440 university undergraduates were selected from three universities within the State, using a multi stage sampling procedure, comprising of purposive and simple random sampling. Data collected were analyzed and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Some of the findings showed that only a little above half of the sample size (52%) experienced mild level of stress and the top three factors associated with stress
among undergraduates were academic, emotional and relational. It was found that very few respondents (2.3%) experienced high levels of suicidal ideation with females having a lower tendency for suicidal ideation. The findings concludes that while there is a significant relationship between suicidal ideation and stress level (χ2 = 8.748, p ≥0.068), predisposing factors of stress are not significantly associated with suicidal ideation. 

Keywords: Incidences, perceived Causes and Means of Defilement, Adolescents

Practices Associated with Teenage Pregnancy in Rural Area: A Case Study of Idanre Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria

Akinmolafe, Abiodun Oladele, Ola,LateefAyodeji, Akagbosu, Bridget
Edugwu, Olayode,OluwafunmilolaOlawunmi, and Akinmolafe Lydia

Email: akinmolafeabiodun33@gmail.com


Abstract

This study identified practices that contribute to teenage pregnancy in rural area of Idanre Local Government, Ondo State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 teenagers. Data were collected through the use of a well-structured questionnaire and described using frequency, mean, standard deviation and percentage. The study population were students between 13 and 19 years in Junior Secondary School class 1 to Senior Secondary School class 3. Results showed that the mean age was 15 years. and majority (90.0%) were Christians. The study revealed that majority (94.2%) were aware of teenage pregnancy and many (79.2%) agreed that cultures which encourage sex before marriage led to teenage pregnancy. A higher percentage (72.5%) also agreed that exposure to pornographies on social media (Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, and Instagram among others.) could also be a motivating factor for to teenage pregnancy. Many (69.1%) were of the opinion that teenagers exposed to smoking, drugs and alcohol were likely to get pregnant. Majority (90.10%) had high knowledge about teenage pregnancy. It was concluded that teenagers who fell victims of teenage pregnancy were those with limited knowledge about teenage pregnancy, also religious institutions such as churches and mosques should be sources of information on teenage pregnancy. The paper recommended that government should formulate policies that will include sex education in school curriculum and sponsor programmes that will sensitise the populace on the consequences of teenage pregnancy.

Keywords: Teenager, Practices, Teenage Pregnancy, Knowledge.

Perceived Prevalence of Drug Substance Abuse among Undergraduates of Agriculture in Osun State University, Nigeria: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development

Idris-Adeniyi, K.M, Adelokun, I.A. and Aderinoye-Abdulwahab, S.A.


Corresponding Author:kawtharalabi@yahoo.cakaothar

idris-adeniyi@uniosun.edu.ng

Abstract

Drug abuse is a cancerous cell eating deep into the present and invariably the future of the nation. Youths are the most vulnerable and are deeply involved in this menace, pervading every fibre of the society. This study, therefore investigated the prevalence of drug substance abuse among undergraduates of agriculture in Osun State University. Two stage sampling procedure was utilized to draw sample for the study. First stage involved purposive sampling of 300 level and 500 level students across the four departments in the Faculty of Agriculture, and 40% of students in the two levels were randomly selected in the second stage giving a total sample size of ninety respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit relevant data from the students. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency and standard deviation. Results reveals that majority (59.1%) of the students were male, while 66.7% had single parenting background. Means of age and monthly feeding allowance were 22.5 years and ₦16,000, respectively. About 37.5% belonged to no religious group on campus. Results further shows that most (82.8%) of the sampled respondents had no family history of drug abuse though 18.9% were found abusing drugs. Drugs commonly abused included codeine ( = 1.449), alcohol ( = 1.382), marijuana ( = 1.329) and tramadol ( = 1.295). Over half (58.8%) of the drug abusers were influenced by the university environment, while 41.2% had abused drugs for 3 to 4 years Students abuse drugs for experimental curiosity (26.7%), availability of drug substances (22.2%) and psycho-emotional stress relief (22.2%) among other perceived reasons. Respondents had strong perception for the facts that poor parent upbringing can make students abuse drugs (239), students abuse drugs to boost their intelligence (236) and peer pressure can force students into drug abuse (231). Nevertheless, 65.6% of abusers were willing to quit drug abuse. The study concluded that a significant proportion of the sampled respondents abused drugs and recommended that the university management, religious bodies on campus and other relevant organizations endeavour to organise sensitization campaigns on the adverse effects of drug abuse on healthy and productive living, on a regular basis.

Keywords: Prevalence, Drug Substance Abuse, Youths, Sustainable Development

Factorial Gender Invariance and Psychometric Characteristics of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) among Nigerian Young Adults.

Oloniniyi, I. O., Opakunle, T, Ibigbami, O. I, Akinsulore, A., and Aloba O. O

Abstract

Experiencing abuse and neglect in childhood have been associated with adverse psychological sequelae in adulthood. The objective of this study is to examine the factorial gender invariance and the reliability and validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) among Nigerian young adults. Young adults (n = 1171, aged between 19 and 37 years) completed the CTQ-SF, the 12-items General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Suicidal Behaviors Revised (SBQ-R) and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST). This study compared the fit indices of the original and two alternative (Swedish and Italian) CTQ-SF models using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Concurrent validity of the CTQ-SF was assessed via correlational analyses with other measures. The reliabilities of the CTQ-SF and its subscales were reported with MacDonald’s omega (ω) coefficients. Factorial gender invariance was evaluated with multiple-group CFA. The alternative Swedish CTQ-SF model exhibited more satisfactory fit indices (CFI=0.934, RMSEA=0.050 [90%CI: 0.047-0.054], SRMR=0.040). Its reliability and concurrent validity were satisfactory. It also exhibited configural, metric and scalar factorial gender invariance among Nigerian young adults. Among Nigerian young adults, the alternative Swedish CTQ-SF model captures the construct of childhood abuse and neglect.

Keywords: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form; reliability; factorial gender invariance; young adults
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Factors Influencing Utilisation of Community-Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Practices among Rural Nursing Mothers in Ogun State, Nigeria

Soetan, O. J, Ashimolowo, O. R, Lasode, A.O, Ogunjinmi, K.O, Ojo O. Y, and Salako, P.A

Abstract

Community Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (C-IMCI) practices combine improved case management of childhood illness with aspects of nutrition, disease prevention, appropriate home care, normal growth and development of children who are less than five years old. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and factors influencing utilisation of C-IMCI practices among rural nursing mothers in Ogun state, Nigeria with a view to unraveling the dynamics involved in the utilisation of the programme. Multi stage sampling procedure was used to select 210 nursing mothers from Odeda and Obafemi-Owode Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state during the monthly immunisation programme often held at the primary health centres. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire and described using frequency and percentages while Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient was used to make some inferences. Results show that about 58.0% of the nursing mothers were between ages 21 and 30 years, with an approximate mean age of 28.0 years. Only 27.0% of the nursing mothers had secondary education. The mean monthly income of the mothers was ₦16,294.00k. Majority (90.5%) of the mothers were highly knowledgeable about C-IMCI practices just as the mothers’ attitude towards patronage of hospital for post-natal services was highly favourable (mean=4.42). The most utilised C-IMCI recommended practices among the mothers were child immunisation (Mean=2.98) and the use of insecticide mosquito net (mean=2.97). Correlation analyses show positive significant relationship between attitude (r =0.25, p≤0.01) of C-IMCI practices and its utilisation at 1.0% probability level. It was concluded that factors such as insufficient fund/cost of charges, drugs supplies and stock outs and poor quality of service significantly influenced C-IMCI utilisation among the nursing mothers. It was recommended that polices that would improve utilisation of C-IMCI practices among nursing mothers in rural areas of the State should be proposed by the appropriate stakeholders to the government for implementation.

Keywords: Community integrated, management, mothers, illness, childhood

Assessment of the use of SMS in Promoting Breastfeeding among Female Undergraduates of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State

Ogunba, B. ,Nwadigo, C. F. and Idemudia, S. O.

Abstract

An infant is food secured when breastfed exclusively for the first six months of life. However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) remain low in Nigeria. The study assessed the use of the Short Message Service (SMS) in increasing knowledge about breastfeeding among female undergraduate students. Respondents were selected through multistage sampling technique. Three out of four female hostels were randomly selected from which one respondent was selected from each of the 40 rooms in a particular hostel. A total of 120 consented respondents were selected for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to collect baseline on personal characteristics and breastfeeding knowledge using a three point Likert scale. Respondents received one message daily for 32days and endline data were collected after two months. Respondents were in 200 levels (22.5%), 300 (26.7%) and 400 (32.5%). Majority (98.3%) were willing to breastfeed, would initiate breastfeeding on the day of birth (79.2%), while 61.7% will terminating breastfeeding between 13-18month. Information about breastfeeding were from media (24.2%), family (17.5%), and hospital (20%). Only 23.3% had no information about breastfeeding. Mean breastfeeding knowledge improved from 37.65±3.5 to 43.14±1.2, knowledge on infant feeding practice (21.72±2.3 to 25.31±1.1) and the knowledge about benefits of breastfeeding (19.18±2.1 to 25.42±1.0). T-test analysis revealed significant difference between knowledge at pre and post intervention (T= 146.95 p< 0.000). The study concluded that knowledge on breastfeeding improved with the receipt of SMS. It is recommended that SMS could be employed as a method of intervention in improving the knowledge on breastfeeding practices.

Keywords: Child upbringing, academic performance, family instability.

Comparative analysis of Households’ food Security in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Owolabi1, G. O, Ewebiyi2., I. O., Jolayemi3, J. O.

Abstract

Despite several attempts to combat hunger and improve national food security level by the government, many are still going to bed hungry. The extent to which government efforts improve food security level of her populace would be better known from household level. Therefore, this study carried out comparative analysis of households’ food security status in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to stratify Ekiti State into rural, peri-urban and urban. Thereafter simple random sampling method was used to select thirty percent of Local Government Areas (LGAs) and communities respectively. One hundred and seventy-two randomly selected household heads formed the sample size. Questionnaire administered in form of interview was used to elicit information from the respondents. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, mean, Pearson product moment correlation and analysis of variance. Results revealed that most respondents (64%) were low-income earners. Most (79.7%) did not have equal economic access to available food items; thus consumed more of carbohydrate food. Majority (34.9%) and (18.7%) of those that were food secured were from peri-urban and rural areas respectively. Significant relationship was found between farm size (r = 0.214, p = 0.005), income (r = 0.210, p = 0.006) and respondents’ food security status. The result of analysis of variance revealed that significant difference in food security level existed across the strata (f = 11.749, p = 0.000). Based on the conclusion reached that farm size and income had positive influence on food security, it was recommended that farming should be encouraged and subsidized through government positive intervention. Government should also integrate rural areas in her development programmes for adequate and timely provision of needed social amenities such as good roads, effective extension services, delivery, agricultural inputs and effective agricultural produce marketing. This will go a long way in making farming interesting and thus enhancing food security in the study area.

Keywords: food security, households, food availability, economic access.

Perceived Effect of Transit School-Bus Usage on Academic Performance of Private Primary School Pupils in Ekiti State

Bamigboye O. T., Ogunjimi S. I, Olatinwo L.K., Aderinoye-Abdulwahab S.A, and Alabi O.O1

Abstract

The effect of transit school-bus usage on academic performance of private primary school pupils in Ekiti State was investigated. Ado Local Government Area (LGA) was purposively selected due to high concentration of Private Primary Schools in the State. The population of the study comprised all 527 private primary schools and multistage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and fifty pupils from private schools for the study. Data were collected through an interview schedule and described using frequency distribution, percentages while Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to analyse the data at 0.05 level of significance. The mean age of the pupil boarding bus was 5 years. It was revealed that pupils boarding school buses wake up very early at home (80.0%), leave without their breakfast (72.7%), yet, arrive school late (74.7%). Only few (13.3%) of the pupil boarding buses fall in first 10th positions in their respective classes.. There were significant relationships between age (r=0.208; p-value=0.008), bus arrival time(r=0.256; p-value=0.005) and their academic performance. It was therefore established that pupils face challenges by boarding buses to school which causes some physiological and psychological stress with serious adverse effect on their academic performances. It was then recommended that parents should enforce that school-buses conveying their wards to must be conducive, arrive school before assembly session and take pupils directly from home to school to prevent tiredness which have impact on their children academic performances. Furthermore, proprietors/proprietress should ensure that their schools are made conducive, provide sufficient transit school-buses that are in good conditions and have a good infrastructure for effective learning so as to improve the academic performance of the pupils. 

Keywords: Transit bus/School bus, academic performances, private schools.

Assessment of Information and Communication Technology Usage Among Agricultural Undergraduatesin Osun State University, Nigeria

Bamiwuye O. A, Alao O. T, and Olanrewaju K. O

Abstract

Keywords: Agriculture, Assessment, ICTs, Undergraduates

Attitude of Secondary School Students towards Young Farmers’ Club in Kwara State, Nigeria

Ayanda, I. F, Salawu, O. L, Olooto, F.M, Yusuf, O.J., Olatinwo, L.K. and Awolola, B. O.  

Abstract

This study investigated the attitude of secondary school students towards participating in Young Farmers Club (YFC) in Nigeria. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 123 YFC’s members for the study. A 5- point Likert -type scale was used to measure the attitude of the students towards YFC activities. Information was gathered by the use of questionnaire and described by frequency, percentages and mean scores. Results showed that 42.3% and 57.7% of the students were male and female, respectively with an average age of approximately 15.0 years. Activities of YFC include crop and livestock production, organizing excursion to farms, research institutes, debates and seminars. All the students reported enhanced skills in crop and livestock production, convinced of the profitability of agricultural enterprises (58.5%). However, they reported that agriculture is not meant for the poor (55.2 %). Also, the constraints such as inadequate financial support (Mean = 3.53), inadequate farm operating equipment (Mean = 3.52), students are incapacitated to pay their annual due on regular basis (Mean = 3.24). Therefore, it is desirable to remove constraints hindering the activities of young farmers club through financial support from parents and provision of farming equipment by school authorities in order to sustain the attitude of secondary school students towards YFC in the study area.

Keywords: Young Farmers’ Club, attitude, secondary school

PerceivedAgripreneurial Skill Needs of Undergraduate Students in University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Olaniyi, O.A, Ogunkunle, T and Oladipo, F.I.

Abstract

This study assessed the perceived agripreneurial skill needs of undergraduate studentsin University of Ibadan,Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 98 randomly selected final year undergraduate students in the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Structured questionnaire was used as data collection instrument. Frequency, percentages, Spearman rank Correlation were employed in data analysis. The result of the study revealed that majority (66.4%) of the respondents were between the ages of 21 and 25 years. More than half (53.1%) were femalesand higherpercentage (95.9%) were Single.About 60% of the respondents practised Christianity. Majority (82.7%) of the respondents indicated their perceivedagriprenuerial skill needs as managerial, marketing and accounting skills. The extent of perceived agriprenuerial skill needs was moderate (44.9%). The result of spearman rank correlation showed that age (r=0.215,P≤0.05) had positive and significant relationship with extent ofperceivedagripreneurial skill needs while sex (r= – 0.161,P≤0.05) had negative and significant relationship with perceived agripreneurial skill needs of the respondents. Furthermore, the attitude of the respondents towards agripreneurial skills acquisition(r=-0.244, P≤0.05) showed negative and significant relationship with the extent ofperceived agripreneurial skill need of the respondents. It was recommended that training should be tailored along with the identified skill needs of the respondents in order to boost the agripreneurial skills of students for self-reliance and enhance holistic development of young entrepreneurs in agriculture in Nigeria.

Keywords: Agripreneurial , Skill, Needs, Undergraduates.

Involvement of Rural Secondary School Students in Vocational Activities in Ondo State, Nigeria

Ojubanire, M. O.,Deji, O. F. and Famakinwa, M.

Abstract

Involvement of rural secondary school students in vocational activities in Ondo State, Nigeria was examined. Specifically, the study described respondents’ personal characteristics on gender basis, identified types of vocational activities involved, determined their level of involvement and identified constraints faced. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 152 respondents for the study. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaire and summarized using frequency counts, percentages and means while t-test was used to draw inferences. The results showed that the mean age of male and female respondents were 16.7 ± 2.4 and 16.6 ± 2.1 years. Computer service (14.7 %) and fashion designing (13.7%) were the major vocational activities common among the male while the female engaged in fashion designing (50%) and hair dressing (26.3%).About 56.6% of female and 53.9% of male had high level of involvement in vocational activities. Also, 84% and 80.5 % of male and female respondents indicated that personal interest was the main reason for their involvement. In addition, about 37.93% of male and 36.6% of female indicated that hazards of vocational activities were the major constraints associated with their involvement. Results of t- test showed that there is no significant difference in the involvement of male and female (t= – 0.264; P ≥ 0.05) in vocational activities. The study concluded that both gender had similar level of involvement in vocational activities in the study area.

Keywords: Vocational activities, gender, involvement, secondary school students

Analysis of Rural Children’s Participation in Cassava Processing in Ivo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State

Mgbada J.U. and Kadurumba C

Abstract

Research has shown that children in rural area engaged in many agricultural activities, with the aim to increasing the income and improving the well-being of their respective parents and households. This study, therefore, examined determinants of rural children’s participation in cassava processing in Ivo local government area, Ebonyi state. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents while structured questionnaire and mobile phone – a recording gadget were used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency count, percentage, mean and probit were used to summarized and make some inferences, respectively, from the collected primary data. Findings of the study showed that some (28.7%) of the respondents said that poor remuneration was a major constraint to their participation in the processing while many (58.7%) indicated that income generation was the main reason for their participation. The results of the probit regression maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) showed that age, dependency ratio, parents’ marital status, gap in financial need, daily wage, type of technology and the number of friends kept by respondents, among others, were all significant at P<0.1 significant level and positively influenced the participation of children in the processing of cassava. It was recommended that training programme related to crop processing be provided to farm children who practice cassava processing in the study area.

Keywords: Cassava, Participation, Processing, Probit, Rural children

Assessment of Youth Involvement in Fish Farming Enterprise in Lagos State, Nigeria

Ayinde J. O.*; Filusi, O. J.; Sangodeyi A. A. and Akinbote F.

Abstract

This study assessed youth’s involvement in fish enterprise in Lagos state, Nigeria. Specifically, it described socio-economic characteristics of the youth involved and factors constraining their level of involvement. A structured interview scheduled was used to elicit information from 104 respondents who were selected through A multistage sampling procedure . The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that 71.2 percent of male youth were involved in fish enterprise with mean age of 28.17 ± 7.99 years, year of formal education 13.35 ± 3.05 years and monthly income of ₦29,510.00 ± ₦14,286.04. They were involved in various types of fish enterprises which included but were not limited to production, processing and marketing. About 51.9 percent of the respondents had moderate level of involvement in fish enterprise. Occupation (χ2= 59.021) had significant association with youth’s involvement at P≤0.01 just as years of experience (r = 0.207) was a positive correlate of involvement at 0.05 probability level. . The study concluded that fairly good percentage of the youth involved in the enterprise were in their active age and that relatively fair average income of the enterprise might make it attractive to army of unemployed youth in the country. This attractiveness is hampered by inadequate credit for the youth. It was , therefore, recommended, among others, that stakeholders should collectively put in place adequate cooperative groups to facilitate the provisioning of credit scheme for the youth involved in the enterprise.

Keywords: youth, involvement, fish enterprise, employment generation.

Economics of Beekeeping in Ondo State, Nigeria: A Panacea for Youth Unemployment

Adeyelu, A. A1,2., 1Johnson, S. B., 3Adetarami, O., 1Awoseyila, F.

Abstract

This paper examined the economics of beekeeping in Ondo State, Nigeria, as a panacea for youth unemployment. Specifically, the study determined the profitability and identified factors influencing the number of bee products produced. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed for the selection of fifty (50) respondents. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentages were used to describe the data while Gross margin analysis was used to determine the profitability of the enterprise. Results showed that male respondents (80%) were more involved in beekeeping with a mean age of 48 years and experience of 5 years. The gross margin of beekeeping was N174,199.10 ($481) per cycle with a net revenue of N164,653.21 ($454) per cycle and return on investment was N2.09 ($0.006). Results showed that household size, number of colonies, age and education had a positive and significant influence on the number of bee products produced while marketing channels and cost of transportation had a negative impact on the dependent variable. Based on the findings, it was concluded that beekeeping is a profitable venture. Therefore, policy that will promote youth involvement in apiary should be encouraged by the agricultural stakeholders as this could be a leverage for reducing unemployment among youths in Nigeria. 

Keywords: Beekeeping, profitability, hives, Nigeria.